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Physicists from Lancaster University have established why objects moving through superfluid helium-3 lack a speed limit in a continuation of...

A fully automated microchip electrophoresis analyzer could someday be deployed in the search for life on other worlds. Courtesy: Adapted from Analytical Chemistry 2020, DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01628.

Fully Automated Analyzer That Could Help Detect Signs of Extraterrestrial Life

Although Earth is uniquely situated in the solar system to support creatures that call it home, different forms of life...

Photodetectors work by converting information carried by light into an electrical signal and are used in a wide range of technologies, from gaming consoles to fiber optic communication, medical imaging, and motion detectors. Currently, photodetectors are unable to sense more than one color in the one device.

Thin and Ultra-Fast Photodetector Sees the Full Spectrum

This means they have remained bigger and slower than other technologies, like the silicon chip, that they integrate with. The...

Quantum X-ray Microscope Underway at Brookhaven Lab

Photo: An artist's interpretation of ghost imaging. In this research technique, scientists split an x-ray beam (represented by the thick...

DNA nanobots build themselves: How can we help them grow the right way?

At UNSW, researchers use DNA to build nanorobots. Pictured here are their PolyBricks. Courtesy: Jonathan Berengut. UNSW researchers have overcome...

Fine tuning the “twist” between 2-D materials in van der Waals hetero structures to help accelerate next gen electronics

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This image shows cartoons and micrographics that highlight the new technique of in situ twistronics. Courtesy: Artem Mishchenko/The University of...

Hitting the Quantum “Sweet Spot”: Best Position for Atom Qubits in Silicon to Scale Up Atom-Based Quantum Processors

Atomic-scale image of two interacting donors in silicon. Courtesy: CQC2T Australian researchers have located the ‘sweet spot’ for positioning qubits...

Diagram of the liquid phase exfoliation process. Credit: ICN2

Colloidal dispersions of nanosheets for catalysis

Diagram of the liquid phase exfoliation process. Credit: ICN2 Researchers from the ICN2 Nanostructured Functional Materials Group, in collaboration with...

New Battery Is 10 Times More Powerful Than State of the Art, Flexible and Rechargeable

The batteries successfully powered a flexible display system equipped with a microcontroller and Bluetooth modules. Here too the battery performed...

The research is aimed at reducing barriers to wider electric vehicle adoption, including cutting the cost of ownership and improving the performance and life of components such as electric motors and power electronics. The material can be deployed in any component that uses copper, including more efficient bus bars and smaller connectors for electric vehicle traction inverters, as well as for applications such as wireless and wired charging systems. To produce a lighter weight conductive material with improved performance, ORNL researchers deposited and aligned carbon nanotubes on flat copper substrates, resulting in a metal-matrix composite material with better current handling capacity and mechanical properties than copper alone. Incorporating carbon nanotubes, or CNTs, into a copper matrix to improve conductivity and mechanical performance is not a new idea. CNTs are an excellent choice due to their lighter weight, extraordinary strength and conductive properties. But past attempts at composites by other researchers have resulted in very short material lengths, only micrometers or millimeters, along with limited scalability, or in longer lengths that performed poorly. The ORNL team decided to experiment with depositing single-wall CNTs using electrospinning, a commercially viable method that creates fibers as a jet of liquid speeds through an electric field. The technique provides control over the structure and orientation of deposited materials, explained Kai Li, a postdoctoral researcher in ORNL's Chemical Sciences Division. In this case, the process allowed scientists to successfully orient the CNTs in one general direction to facilitate enhanced flow of electricity. The team then used magnetron sputtering, a vacuum coating technique, to add thin layers of copper film on top of the CNT-coated copper tapes. The coated samples were then annealed in a vacuum furnace to produce a highly conductive Cu-CNT network by forming a dense, uniform copper layer and to allow diffusion of copper into the CNT matrix. Using this method, ORNL scientists created a copper-carbon nanotube composite 10 centimeters long and 4 centimeters wide, with exceptional properties. The microstructural properties of the material were analyzed using instruments at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at ORNL, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science user facility. Researchers found the composite reached 14% greater current capacity, with up to 20% improved mechanical properties compared with pure copper, as detailed in ACS Applied Nano Materials. Tolga Aytug, lead investigator for the project, said that by embedding all the great properties of carbon nanotubes into a copper matrix, we are aiming for better mechanical strength, lighter weight and higher current capacity. Then you get a better conductor with less power loss, which in turn increases the efficiency and performance of the device. Improved performance, for instance, means we can reduce volume and increase the power density in advanced motor systems. The work builds on a rich history of superconductivity research at ORNL, which has produced superior materials to conduct electricity with low resistance. The lab's superconductive wire technology was licensed to several industry suppliers, enabling such uses as high-capacity electric transmission with minimal power losses. While the new composite breakthrough has direct implications for electric motors, it also could improve electrification in applications where efficiency, mass and size are a key metric, Aytug said. The improved performance characteristics, accomplished with commercially viable techniques, means new possibilities for designing advanced conductors for a broad range of electrical systems and industrial applications, he said. The ORNL team also is exploring the use of double-wall CNTs and other deposition techniques such as ultrasonic spray coating coupled with a roll-to-roll system to produce samples of some 1 meter in length. Electric motors are basically a combination of metals—steel laminations and copper windings, noted Burak Ozpineci, manager of the ORNL Electric Drive Technologies Program and leader of the Power Electronics and Electric Machinery group. To meet DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office's 2025 electric vehicle targets and goals, we need to increase power density of the electric drive and reduce the volume of motors by 8 times, and that means improving material properties.

New composite material revs up pursuit of advanced electric vehicles