A new study shows how to read, write and erase (Few everyday things are remembered & can be erased) the memory of past defects in foams and emulsions used in food and medicine.
Some solids have memories of how they were stretched before, which affects how they react to these types of deformations in the future. A new study from Penn State provides insight into the storage structure in foams and emulsions commonly found in food and pharmaceutical products and provides a new method for clearing the storage, which may guide how to prepare materials for for future use.
Nathan Keim, a research assistant professor of physics at Penn State, who led the (Few everyday things are remembered & can be erased) study, said: “Cracks in a piece of paper are memories that have been folded or broken. “Many other things create memories when they are disabled, hot or cool, and you may not know it if you don’t ask the right questions. Improving our understanding of how to write , reading and deleting memories provide new opportunities for discovery and discovery and more. programs. We can check the history of things by doing tests or delete the memory of things and organize a new one to prepare it for customers or factories.
The researchers studied memory in the form of so-called disordered solids, which contain elements that are often arranged in the wrong way. For example, ice cream is a nondescript solid composed of a mixture of ice crystals, fat molecules, and air pockets.
This is very different from materials that have a “crystal structure”, and materials that are arranged in rows and columns that are highly reinforced. Non-solids are common in food science, consumer products, and pharmaceuticals, and include foams such as ice cream and emulsions such as mayonnaise.
“The preparation of materials usually involves manipulating them in a way to change the structure of their particles, bubbles or drops, by changing them from a state of high energy to a state of low energy to a stable state,” said Keim . “For some materials such as glass, this involves carefully heating the material so that the cells are separated and can come together in a structured way.
But for some ingredients, like mayonnaise, heating has a damaging or unpleasant effect. Therefore, for materials where heating is not an option, we use a process called mechanical annealing to soften the material and bring it to a lower energy level.
Keim and his colleagues first explored how mechanical cleaning of hard-to-treat materials can cause the material to become a reservoir of damage, which affects how it responds to future damage. In a new book published Oct. 5 in the journal Science Advances , researchers provide a good understanding of how memories are created and what is hard and bad and how it can be “read” and even (Few everyday things are remembered & can be erased) erase the current memories.
“We fix our objects by trimming, which involves moving one part of the object in relation to another, like pulling the sides of a rectangle to form a parallel object,” Keim said.
“By repeating this deformation many times, you can write a memory of that deformation, which subtly affects how it reacts to other deformations in the future. We have described the conditions where this memory is formed in the rough solids and shown how to determine the amount of past deformation recorded there.
The researchers also presented a new method for erasing memories and negative solids.
“Some of the storage laws in these materials are similar to the storage laws in ferromagnets, something scientists have been studying well for over a century,” Keim said. “Refrigerator magnets carry magnetis which is a type of magnetic storage installed in factories. To get rid of these memories, you can apply a strong magnetic field and change its direction so that it gradually reduces the space. With our new method, which we call the ring method, we apply the density of drops and drops until the storage space is removed.
Clearing the archives can allow scientists to really start with a clean slate and prepare things in the most useful way.
For this study, the researchers simulated strong negative effects using 25,000 small plastic particles at the interface of water and oil in the plate – the design of the author Dani Medina, a graduate student degree at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. , during the investigation. The particles are electrically charged, repel each other, and can be deformed in a needle moving along the interface in a controlled way. The team used a microscope to examine the composition of the material.
Keim said, “Solid materials are very different, and the microscopic details of their structure – whether oil drops, foam particles, grains or particles – do not seem to have much effect on full practice,” Keim said. “This allows our experiments to provide insight into the mechanics and memory structure of many other objects. In the future, we would like to test these memory objects and complex objects that have three parts – similar to mayonnaise or ice cream.
