Analyzes impurities in nuclei the effects of high density and rare earths have been quantified for the first time. By creating unique atoms, RIKEN scientists have measured the effect of the high density of atomic nuclei (Analyzes Impurities in Nuclei) on the characteristics of vacuum1. This can help clarify where the issue is getting worse.
As its name suggests, the strong force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, being about 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force, the second strongest force. It is so strong that it causes the formation of pairs of quarks – antiparticles of protons and neutrons – and antiquarks (antiparticles of quarks) in space.
Although quark-antiquark pairs are not directly visible, they change the properties of space and can be seen through their effects on other systems. In particular, they break the symmetry of the void.
This breaking of vacuum symmetry has surprising effects. Protons and neutrons are made up of three quarks, but the number of quarks is about 1% of the total number of protons or neutrons. It is thought that a significant part of the rest of their church comes from space breaks. Increasing the temperature or density of the current should restore a portion of the space.
Although many experiments have confirmed this effect at high temperatures, none have been conducted at high material densities. Now, Kenta Itahashi of the RIKEN Nishina Center and his colleagues have measured the reconstruction of the hole in the hole at a high density, achieving good agreement with the theory.
They did this by creating unique atoms from metal tins using the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, a facility that produces heavy ion beams by emitting them in a sequence. Instead of having electrons around the nucleus, these atoms have pions, short-lived particles composed of quarks and antiquarks.
Unlike electrons, which only receive electromagnetic energy, pions interact with the nucleus through both force and electric energy. Since the nucleus is about 100 trillion times denser than normal matter, this allowed researchers to study the effects of high density on the shape of space.
The experiment itself lasted only ten days, but the analysis of the results will last almost ten years. The initial results were slightly correlated with the predictors’ predictions, but after adjusting for different results and updating the parameters according to the original parameters, the results agreed well with the theory.
Itahashi said: “We were surprised to see the agreement between the results obtained and the main ideas. “Thanks to the continuous efforts of our partners, we have been able to achieve unprecedented precision.”
Source: RIKEN
